Low Fertility Rate

pen business relationship first gear fruitfulness swan write typography Justin Koh Zhi-ren MGMT003 B Jothi Rai & S ,G Tang Li 6Ying G9 G Jamie Lee Yaling disposed(p) For prof Er Jwee Ping Genevive Chan Keng Ling Prep atomic look 18d By Yong Yi Wee ChiaDaryl Linus Lee Zhi Siong Jian Song, Eric Darren Teng Tze Shang USINESS OVERNMENT OCIETY ROUP Tackling The riddle Of down in the mouth stinkiness pass judgment In capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of Singapore Author(s) Lim Tze-En, Jamien Oh Wei Liang, Peter Wang Xiao Group pigeonholing 3991 1 G13 Word Count (excluding mental object page and references) 3947 Report for Approval by Written Report unhopeful Fertility Rates Table of Contents 1. 0 interpolation .. .. 3 2. 1 Overview .. 3 2. 2 Definitions 3 2. 2. 1 match richness swan .. . . 3 2. 2. 2 Population aging 3 2. 3 Reasons for f eaching prolificacy grade .. 3 2. 3. 1 Lack of economical submition to domiciliate a tike .. 3 2. 3. 2 Lack of social government agency to lay out a sister 4 2. 3. 3 environmental per markers .. 4 2. 4 Impact of falling grandness place 5 2. 4. 1 economical consequences .. 5 2. 4. 2 Social consequences 6 . 0 Issue synopsis .. 3 3. 0 4. 0 S draw off d beer analysis 6 Analysis and evaluation of government actions .. 7 4. 1 4. 2 4. 3 Parent-? targeted initiatives 7 in-migration initiatives . 10 Promoting Marriage .. 10 frugal measures 12 Social measures . 13 Environmental measures 13 5. 0 Recommendations . 12 5. 1 5. 2 5. 3 6. 0 8. 0 9. 0 Limitations .. 13 Appendix .. 15 References .. 16 2 7. 0 shutdown .. 14 Written Report Low Fertility Rates 1. 0 Introduction The aim of this report is to analyze the active problem of Singapores pocket-sized fetidness locate. By delving into its ancestry causes and authorization consequences, we hope to effectively evaluate the measures that the Singapore government has taken to tackle this vital issue, while proposing some practical recommendations. However, as no panacea is without side effects, we go out also grittylight the limitations to our proposals. 2. 0Issue Analysis 2. 1 Overview According to The Straits Times on 18 January 2011, Singapores luxuriate shortfall worsened last course of instruction when the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) sank to a historic low of 1. 16. That is down from 1. 22 in 2009, and way below the exchange level of 2. 1 (Li, 2011). Declining birth rate judge is one of Singapore greatest challenges, take with it twain economic and social impact. In addition, it is also a key-? contributing factor towards Singapores inescapable senescence macrocosm. 2. 2 Definitions 2. 2. 1 Total Fertility Rate A populations total stinkiness rate refers to the turning come in of hildren that would be born per female, if all females live through their childbearing old age of 15-? 49 and bear children according to a addicted set of age-? specific fertility rates. (Ministry Of Community Development, Youth & Sports, 2010) 2. 2. 2 ripening Population Ageing population refers to a situation where an addition in fare of ripened, and a decrease in number of newborn babies lead to a skid in the median age scattering of a population. 2. 3 Reasons for falling fertility rates 2. 3. 1 Lack of economic means to raise a child extravagantly direct cost of rearing a child 3 Written Report Low Fertility Rates The asic be of raising a child in Singapore include the costs of pregnancy and delivery, infant care, child care and education. Besides, on that point are other additional life story allowances as well as the practicable extra holiday trips that need to be considered. A report by The sunlight Times (2010, as cited in 1 Million to, 2010) estimated that the cost of raising 2 children in Singapore is about $1 million. These high costs act as a deterrent for couples to extradite children in Singapore, pass oning in low fertility rates. of late entry in to pass durability imputable to national service The mandatory two-? course of instruction national service holdups theSingaporean males entry into the work force, delaying his ability to clog a family till a later age. Since couples usually seek financial perceptual constancy before they kick the bucket a family, this has caused couples to delay their plans to imbibe children, thitherby contributing to decline fertility rates. Other economic commitments The high costs of living in Singapore currently take up a large portion of the monthly income of Singaporeans. coupled with the rising property prices and costs of owning a car, there is less incentive for couples to start a family, since having children would only add to their financial burden. 2. 3. Lack of social means to raise a child Long operatives hours The high stress levels and enormous working hours in Singapore boast been proven by many studies. According to an phrase Dont blame neediness by the Internatio nal Labor presidency (2010), workers in Singapore clocked the most number of working hours per week among twelve nations in the survey. Such a phenomenon lowers fertility rates since couples talent feel that they would not be able to care for their children due to tenacious working hours. Both parties in work force The common phenomenon that both husbands and wives hold full-? time jobs also directly affects ouples allow foringness to raise children. Work stress endured by both parties leaves little time and energy for childcare and couples might be more indecisive when making a decision to open children. 2. 3. 3 Environmental factors Large inflow of immigrants In order to cope with the declining population, Singapore has developed a sound immigration policy to win the work force necessary to grow our economy. As of 2010, about 35 of every 100 great deal living in Singapore are PRs, or foreigners 4 Written Report Low Fertility Rates on work permits or study visas (Depart ment Of Statistics Singapore, 2011). legion(predicate) f these non-? citizens commode be viewed as transient residents with no intention of subsiding down permanently in Singapore. sequence no official studies have been carried out, it is postulated that the fertility rate of these non-? citizens is much lower than that of Singapore citizens, pulling down our national fertility rate as a all told (Chong Lee Ming, 2009). Influence from western sandwich burnish As a cosmopolitan city, Singaporeans have also been greatly influenced by western culture. The westernized new age culture of cohabitation in place of marriage has taken root with the younger generation of Singaporeans. Hence, ithout the bond of marriage, the conventional view of having children in a family is in stages watered down. Increasing focus on hedonism With increasing emphasis placed on consumerism, the younger generation of Singaporeans has become more interested in pursuing material goods and pleasures for oneself instead of spending efforts on training relationships. As a declaration, children, in their opinion, are more likely to be a chore than a gift, as was in traditional cultures. 2. 4 Impacts 2. 4. 1 Economic consequences Tapering of economic growth piece of music a low fertility rate does not have a direct impact on the economy, ts impact quite a little be felt over the long term. Children are the work force for tomorrow, and given the situation of a declining fertility rate over the past 2 decades, there has been a shrinking citizen labour force, as more citizens are reaching privacy age without corresponding new entrants, acid economic growth. Dwindling supply of local workforce The low fertility rate will lead to a escape of young talents in the future, and result in a huge mental unsoundness in the human resource market. The medium age of the workforce in Singapore will also consequently growing, and the sometime(a) generation might be encourage to elay their retirement. moreover, the inadequacy of employees may force companies to change magnitude staff workload, thereby increasing their burden. High dependency on foreign talent 5 Written Report Low Fertility Rates collectible to the lack of young local talent, businesses would need to rely on immigrants to ensure that the economic scheme functions smoothly. These companies may be forced to increase employee salaries and improve perks, in order to attract foreign job applicants, leading to an increase in staffing costs. 2. 4. 2 Social consequences change magnitude financial burden With a small younger generation supporting the ncreasing number of elderly dependents, there will be a greater strain on government welfare schemes and taxpayers resources. The increased affect for healthcare facilities might inevitably result in rising healthcare costs. More stress and long-acting working hours Due to the possible shortfall in employees, companies might need to increase employee wor kload and flourish working hours to sustain productivity. This might indeed create another social problem, where a higher level of stress and longer working hours lead to a debilitative of family ties or bonding between wed couples. This might act as a deterrent for ouples to have children, and further alter the issue of low fertility rates. Dilution of local culture due to immigration As we place a greater corporate trust on immigration to sustain the population in Singapore, theres a possibility that the huge proportion of immigrants will greatly alter Singapore culture, and stepwise dilute the traditional values of our society. 3. 0 Stakeholder analysis The stakeholders in this issue can be defined in the avocation diagram th Source Bucholtz , Carroll fear and Society 7 edition, Chapter 3, pg85 6 Written Report Low Fertility Rates electric potential childbearing Singaporean ouples (Dominant Stakeholder) This group has legitimacy and force-out. Only they have the power to alter the fertility rate in Singapore. They have legitimacy, as they will form part of the ageing population in the future. However, they would not have urgency as they might feel that other priorities should take precedence instead of procreation. The current Singaporean work force (Dependent Stakeholder) Some elderly might be encouraged to continue their retirement due to the slow turnover rate of younger people come through their jobs. Such consequences will bring both economic and social problems to Singapore. Therefore, hey hold legitimacy and urgency but not power. Potential Immigrants (Dormant Stakeholder) Immigrants could be a possible firmness in solving the low fertility rate problem (Cheow Xin Yi, 2011). The potential immigrants have the power to decide whether to immigrate to Singapore and therefore contribute to the solution for the low birthrate or not, however they have no urgency and legitimacy as this problem is not of concern to them. political sympathies (D efinitive Stakeholder) The government has legitimacy, urgency and power. Low fertility rate is an issue faced by the state, and it is their job to solve such matters.